Developing Health and Safety for Fire Fighters

Creating Health and Safety for Fire Fighters Section 6 Conversation This part contains the clarification and assessment of the discoveries introduced in the first segment. This part furnish us with assessment and examination dependent on the theories, targets, or exploration question. This section identifies with the distributed works sketched out and evaluated in the audit of writing part. 6.1. Segment profile During the entire review and during the investigation of information assortment inside the Mauritius Fire and Rescue administrations, it was seen that inner elements were predominant contrasted with outside components while indentifying the effect on the wellbeing and security of firemen. While breaking down the segment profile area inside the poll, it was discovered that the vast majority of the respondents were somewhere in the range of 20 and 30 years showing a moderately youthful working power inside this division. 71 respondents had Higher School Certificate as most noteworthy instruction level and over one year working experience. 6.2. Attention to perils and long stretches of administration. The outcomes indicated that all the respondents are of the risks relating to their activity The outcomes gathered shows that there was a powerless noteworthy relationship between the two factors (phi=0.353, p=0.00 6.3. Sorts of injury continued during profession Q 4: Which sort of injury have you continued during your profession? The sorts of word related wounds continued by firemen are in that capacity; Minor wounds, for instance, minor cuts and wounds Significant wounds, for instance, significant cuts, wounds, injuries, disease or injury bringing about under 3 days lost workdays More than 3 days wounds, for instance, head wounds, inner dying, eye wounds, spinal wounds, breaks, disengagement and any ailment or injury bringing about 3 days or increasingly lost workdays. Figure 7 above represents the sorts of wounds continued by firemen at the work environment. 117 firemen have supported minor wounds, 70 of them have continued significant wounds and the staying 58 have continued more than 3 days wounds which is less contrasted with minor wounds. It was discovered that most of the firemen experience minor wounds Moreover, figure 6 speaks to how much firemen are presented to fire. 73 firemen were presented to perils to an enormous degree and 128 of them were presented to dangers to a limited degree. Less significantly 32 firemen were presented to dangers and the staying 12 firemen were not presented to risks by any stretch of the imagination. Target 3: To analyze the sort of wounds continued by the firemen and the level of presentation to risks in putting out fires. Firemen have extraordinary injury rates because of their occupations’ significant requests and presentation to risks conditions (anon, 2013). The information gathered in the review that proper preparing and consideration is given to the security and strength of the firemen. The impression of the firemen on kinds of wounds and level of presentation to dangers is that they concur that proper preparing is given to them yet the administration framework ought to be improved, new highlights ought to be thought about. Be that as it may, there is still opportunity to get better to diminish different kinds of wounds that is significant wounds and more than 3 days wounds. The factor on injury chance possibly gives understanding on the most proficient method to target injury counteraction endeavors for the local groups of fire-fighters. 6.4. Surveying whether hazard appraisal did. A hazard appraisal is a procedure to distinguish likely perils in a work environment and to break down what could be the results if a danger happens. (HSE, anon). Each business has the obligation to impact a hazard evaluation inside 30 days of the beginning of any activity (OSHA, 2005). The information gathered have demonstrated that most of firemen concurred that hazard appraisal is completed in MFRS. Each business has a legitimate commitment to impact a hazard evaluation inside 30 days of the beginning of any activity (OSHA, 2005). The outcomes demonstrated that 183 respondents concurred that chance evaluation was done on the fire ground and 62 respondents oppose this idea. We can subsequently derive that the perspectives on the respondents were palatable as most of them concur that hazard appraisal in did and this affirms the administration was standing to the law. Also, a one example t-test was done to decide the connection between consciousness of hazard evaluation and firemen sentiment whether chance appraisal can wipe out or alleviate dangers. The one example test, measurements programs produce a gauge mean (1.27), with populace mean ÃŽ ¼. The mean variable of the variable fir this specific example of attention to chance evaluation is 1.27, which is factually and fundamentally not the same as the test esteem 0.4. We can along these lines reason that firemen feeling on whether hazard evaluation can wipe out or moderate hazard has an essentially higher mean on attention to chance appraisal than 40%. The view of the firemen in the local groups of fire-fighters is that they concur that hazard evaluation can help dispense with or alleviate dangers. However there’s opportunity to get better in the MFRS. Enhancement for chance administration plan can be additionally made by making overviews on the perils and hazard that mess wellbeing up and wounds. 6.5. Evaluating the board care and firemen capacity to impart One of the destinations of this examination was to survey whether the executives care about the wellbeing and soundness of firemen and firemen capacity to speak with the board. The administration has the obligation to invest the best of energy in giving wellbeing, wellbeing and government assistance of the considerable number of workers. Be that as it may, it is a lawful commitment for the administration to give the extent that is sensibly practicable a sheltered work environment to all the representatives (OSHA, 2005). A connection test was completed to decide if there is a connection between whether the executives care about the security and soundness of firemen and firemen capacity to speak with the administration a relationship test was done. For the relationship test the measurement program created a gauge r (0.134). The Pearson’s r esteem 0.134 is sure at 1% certainty span. Therefore, the connection test between the board care and firemen capacity to speak with the executives shows that there is a feeble connection between the board care about wellbeing and security of firemen and firemen capacity to speak with the executives. The perspectives on the respondents on the administration was not acceptable as the administration was not withstanding to the law and even the firemen waver or are in able to speak with the administration. In this way, we can find that there is a poor administration framework at the MFRS. 6.6. Giving recommendation to improving wellbeing and soundness of firemen To give recommendations to improving wellbeing and wellbeing in the local group of fire-fighters is one of the destinations of this examination. The minority of the firemen who know about the methodology in the local group of fire-fighters found that the administration has the need to give wellbeing preparing to every one of them concerning security systems, security strategy, rules and guidelines and mindfulness on their privileges to give proposals to improve their security and wellbeing. In this manner to improve the wellbeing and security of firemen in local groups of fire-fighters certain norms of security which incorporate hazard mindfulness by the firemen, firemen investment in chance evaluation , the firemen ought to be given inspirational advantages to build security culture and wellbeing practices at the work environment and the firemen ought to be all around prepared and given suitable individual defensive gear for the undertaking they are appointed. The administration should complete examination and discover ways how to cure a risky circumstance. Additionally the administration should look for the view of firemen about the dangers and risks. . The administration can likewise actualize wellbeing programs which will incorporate standard examination of the firemen and a persistent report of the soundness of the firemen ought to be recorded

China 1400’s Free Essays

In the mid 1400’s a great many people didn't wander outside of their origin. Most didn't live long lives. They kicked the bucket either from labor, starvation, or ailment. We will compose a custom paper test on China 1400’s or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Their insight into Arts, medication, work, and law was restricted to the little town and the families that lived there. They would have voyage just a couple of miles to the following town to exchange or shop for necessities. The greater part of their food admission would have been corn, wheat, sorghum, rice and grain. Be that as it may, not very far away in a similar world there were teachers, pioneers, travelers, victors, sailor, troop pioneers and vendors. Pilgrims and victors advanced toward towns and brought individuals into their snare of systems most without wanting to. To start with vendors resembled lower class individuals. They were observed intently, and their exercises were directed. Anyway as the world got greater the shippers developed in influence, riches, and status. China was a force house in the mid 1400’s. They were a propelled locale and would have been best arranged for the developing scene showcase. They were exchanging silk, flavors, tea, religion, and ailment. Affliction was a downside/burden of having explorers, dealers and brokers in your general vicinity. China had an armada of boats that made a trip to spots, for example, Calicut, Thailand, and different nations. In any case, in 1421 a sovereign named Yongle halted a journeys by the Ming Fleet, and in 1436 ruler Zhu Qizhen requested the obliteration of all shipbuilding plans. China got detached from different nations and secluded from itself dealers and brokers were not bolstered by the legislature and were not shielded from privateers. The populace nearly significantly increased in size from the 1400’s to the 1600 to an amazing 160 million. The lion's share were poor and couldn't buy from Chinese merchants. The most effective method to refer to China 1400’s, Essay models

Marlon Wayans A Great Start To Homecoming Week

Marlon Wayans A Great Start To Homecoming Week The Illini Union is an amazing resource because it holds daily and weekly events to entertain and educate students. From stand-up comedy to guest speakers, the Unions mission is to serve Illinois students. Every college has a student union, but I can confidently say that the Illini Union is one of the best in the country, and this week has not convinced me otherwise. There has been a new tradition started by the Illini Union where every Homecoming week, they invite a comedian to come do stand-up comedy for free for all students to enjoy! Last year was former Saturday Night Live star Jay Pharoah. He performed on the Quad and it was so cool to see someone as famous as him come to Champaign-Urbana to entertain us. But this year they got a HUGE guest. They got Marlon Wayans! He is a  famous actor and is the current star of a Netflix Original called Marlon. Needless to say, hundreds and hundreds of students were so excited to see him. The line stretched almost outside the building because so many students wanted to see the free comedy show. Students in line waiting to watch stand-up comedy show. (Photo Credit: Illini Union Twitter) The room was filled to capacity to see Marlon do stand-up and it was so worth it. It was so nice to take a break from homework and studying to enjoy some stand-up comedy even just for an hour. Students like me were bonding with each other over the jokes and were so excited to see such a huge star come to the campus we love. Illinois loves to give its students a reward for their school spirit, and I think these performers coming into central Illinois is one of the best rewards. It is an experience I will never forget! Theres simply no other school than Illinois that puts on a great start to Homecoming week. Homecoming week is typically a weeklong celebration of Illini spirit and if you come here at Illinois, this is a week you simply cannot miss! There are just too many opportunities to get involved and show your Illini pride! Daniel Class of 2018 I’m an Advertising major in the College of Media. I’m from a northwest suburb of Chicago called Buffalo Grove. I chose Illinois because it was the first university in the entire world to offer an Advertising major, which is pretty cool!

Essay about President John F. Kennedy´s Man on the Moon...

In 1961, the United States of America was embroiled in the Cold War with the Soviet Union. This confrontation was taking place not only on land, sea and air, but in space as well. On May 25th, 1961 recently elected US President John F. Kennedy addressed a joint session of Congress, during which he outlined his now famous Man on the Moon challenge. It was through this ambitious dream that the creation of the National Aeronautical Space Administration (NASA) came about, which President Kennedy challenged to put a man on the moon by the end of the decade. Although he didnt live to see the achievement of his dreams, the United States successfully landed Astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin Buzz Aldrin on the moon on July 20, 1969 and†¦show more content†¦The implications of the Soviet Union being ahead of the US in the space race went far beyond national prestige. As stated in the opening sentence, the US and the Soviet Union were in a non-shooting Cold War at the time of th e speech. There was great concern that if the Soviet Union were to take a large lead in being able to put larger payloads into space, they could potentially place weapons there which would effectively nullify the US policy of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) as outlined by President Kennedys Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara as early as 19614. President Kennedy also took the opportunity to chide not only Congress but himself as well by stating I believe we possess all the resources and talents necessary. But the facts of the matter are that we have never made the national decisions or marshaled the national resources required for such leadership. We have never specified long-range goals on an urgent time schedule, orShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of President John F. Kennedy s Short Term As President Of The United States1544 Words   |  7 PagesEssay- President John F. Kennedy MSgt Corey B. 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Not only Kennedy was extremely liked by people, he was also rated above the majority of presidents America had, with the exception of Abraham Lincoln and George Washington. Basically, what reallyRead MoreSpace Travel : President John F. Kennedy1168 Words   |  5 PagesUniversity Space Travel On May 25, 1961 president John F. Kennedy delivered a speech of an ambitious goal to send an American to the moon and return him safely to earth by the end of the decade. â€Å" I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before the decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to earth† (kennedy, 1961). With this speech Kennedy created a new period in space exploration in the united states. AmericaRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy : A President With A Different Sense Of Confidence1178 Words   |  5 PagesJohn F. 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So many questions have formed around this event, not just about who the shooter was, but also questions like what might the world have been like today if the shooting didn’t happen? The Kennedy assassination has been a mystery for many years. A lot of people hear about the different

Saloon Culture Essay - 1475 Words

Saloon Culture nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Royal Melendy writes about a rising social culture taking place at the turn of the twentieth century. He depicts this culture as the ambiance emitted in early Chicago saloons. â€Å"Saloons served many roles for the working-class during this period of American history, and were labeled as the poor man’s social clubs† (summary of saloon culture, pg. 76). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Saloons were described as part of the neighborhood. An institution recognized and familiar to its people. Many laws restricted their services; however, they continued to exist. The article talks about two types of saloons. The first being the more upscale in downtown districts. These would close around midnight not†¦show more content†¦The article also describes saloons as a meeting place for musical practice, fraternal organizations, political meetings, and celebrations such as anniversaries and wedding receptions. As published in A Millennium Biography, Chicago in 1900: Interior of an 1890’s South Side Saloon from: History of Chicago and Souvenir of the Liquor Interest...p.145 Taverns were not all dens of vice and iniquity. In 1900 Chicago had 6,395 licensed retail saloons. Many had accommodations for dancing parties and lodge meetings. Some had restaurant departments attached. Lange’s Pavilion at 445 Milwaukee Avenue (1896) advertised itself as a quot;family resort with a music pavilion where vocal and instrumental musical entertainments are given in connection with a vaudeville stage.quot; Engel’s Opera Pavilion at 463-65 E. Clark Street also featured the music of a 12 piece orchestra, appearing nightly. Mr. Engel assured the public that it was quot;strictly high-toned...no ladies need blushquot;. Other establishments catered only to men. Patrick Daly then at 1600 S. State Street probably did not blush when he advertised that quot;a woman shall never be allowed in his place - neither will he permit a disreputable character to frequent the premises.quot; Other taverns catered to Scandinavian working men, to the Irish, to Germans, to Italians . They catered to singing societies, to businessmen and sportsmen (the owner frequently being an acknowledged expert in a particular sport from horseShow MoreRelatedSaloon Culture Essay1528 Words   |  7 PagesSaloon Culture Analytical Critique Writing Assignment HY 121 Spring 2005 Royal Melendy writes about a rising social culture taking place at the turn of the twentieth century. He depicts this culture as the ambiance emitted in early Chicago saloons. Saloons served many roles for the working-class during this period of American history, and were labeled as the poor mans social clubs (summary of saloon culture, pg. 76). Saloons were described as part of the neighborhood. An institution recognizedRead MoreProhibition and the Effect on America756 Words   |  3 Pagesthe fact that the action taken by the federal government in order to form a better society has led to an explosion of criminal offences in the past as well as today. The effects of prohibition consistently offer a hand in the shaping of American culture. Full-fledged black markets and organized crime groups both offset the supposed benefits of prohibition. Today, teenagers often turn to the underage consumption of alcohol to make them seem â€Å"cool,† or as a form of rebellion against parental and governmentalRead MoreMidterm 1 Study Guide- incomplete Essay897 Words   |  4 Pagescolonial America? What does Nancy Struna mean by the â€Å"leisure preference,† and how does she believe it influenced attitudes about sport, recreation, and play in Anglo-America in the 1600s and 1700s? 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In order to understand why Willa Cather and Catherine Porter should be considered a part of Southwestern literature, one must considerRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On The Drinking Culture Of America938 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the eighteen hundreds saloons were the site of rockus drinking, profane drunkards, and unthinking violence. This drinking culture was defined by masculinity and by free flowing alcohol that permeated all throughout America, city to city. The saloons became so popular with working men because it was time they could spend away from their wives and their homes. In Catherine Murdock’s book Domesticating Drink she argues that these elements of saloon culture, exclusivity, inebriety, and violenceRead MoreRaising Drinking Or The Sale Of Alcohol1474 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals in industrialized countries like America live longer and healthier lives, these contradictory cultural views about the respectability of drinking may need to be re-examined from a historical lens. More specific elements of America’s drinking culture are examined within the intellectual history paradigm, yet the discussion is mostly of historical contributions.On a personal level, alcohol has culti vated bonds of friendship and community based on the similarity of livelihoods, national heritagesRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered1117 Words   |  5 Pagesalcohol plays in our society. Through research and analyzation one can come to the conclusion that a lowered legal drinking age is not the answer. The legal drinking age should not be lowered to 18 because the history of alcohol in the United States, culture of intoxication, and negative effects of alcohol consumption show that a lowered drinking age would not benefit society. The legalization of alcohol in the United States dates back to 1836 when the first national temperance society was formed. TheRead More The Use of Alcohol in Society Essay examples2058 Words   |  9 Pagesor the values set in place in their society? Every society has its own views on how the consumption of alcohol should be handled and regulated. Their differences create a trickle effect of how it is used, and is distinctive to that culture or society. Many cultures drinking habits go hand in hand with religion, and social customs. Drinking alcohol is in many cases a part of extensive learned tradition, where people pride themselves with their ability to hold their liquor. In countries where alcoholRead MoreStonewall Riots Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pagescommunity had grown weary of the police targeting gay clubs and bars. Many of these establishments had already been shut down. Like many of the gay bars and clubs that were previously shut down, establishments such as Stonewall were considered illegal saloons. Often, raids would happen once a month. Owners of the bars were usually tipped off about the raids beforehand. Often, raids happened early enough that business could continue after the raids were finished. Many bars kept s ecret stashes of liquorRead MoreTwg Marketing4092 Words   |  17 Pagesnew varieties of tea from every season and collaborated with the world’s most renowned estates. China is identified as one of the strong future growth opportunity for TWG Tea. They are one of the few countries who have established a tea drinking culture and customs. Tea is part of the Chinese customs and lifestyle. The fast and expanding economic growth in China has led to a high disposable income among the people and they are gradually moving up from the middle class to the upper class. Hence, luxury

Global Elite Notes Free Essays

SOC 189 – #1 Exam 1. Is meritocracy fair? Discuss the pros and cons of our achievement-oriented society. Does it give rise to a meritorious elite? Why or why not? This country was founded on the principle that one’s status in society should be determined by your individual achievements, not by your conditions at birth. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Elite Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now The idea is that we are all created equal, with equal opportunities, not results. The concept of meritocracy is essential to our ideas about American exceptionalism. A benefit of using meritocracy is that people are getting credit and success for their achievements – which is something everyone have control over and can do something about. This also creates motivation to work hard among the people. When the people are eager to improve them selves, it increases the level of intelligence in the society. This will result in good leaders, which will hopefully lead the society to success. According to this, meritocracy sounds like a good idea, but it does not always have a happy ending. Not everyone is up for hard work and competition, and the competition can easily depress some of us and make them give up in the society. The class stratification can get bigger with this kind of society, with the poor people at the bottom. It will create a winner – looser relationship between people, and many will not be happy. Many may say that it is fair because you get what you deserve, and what you have worked so hard for. But there are also many â€Å"corrupt deals† going on here. School test are supposed to be totally fair, when the smartest and those who score highest is getting in to the best schools. The problem is that the kids with richer families are being prepared for the test by expensive tutors, when kids with less money cannot afford it. Some tests even cost money, so not everyone is getting the chance. The people at the top have found ways to â€Å"cheat† their way up in the meritocracy society, where it is supposed to be the ones who deserves it, the best of us who gets the opportunities. Now there is fewer and fewer skillsets that is seen as useful to the society, so fewer and fewer people gets credit and reward for your achievements If you work hard, you achieve big. The concept is good, because it gives people a chance to make it in the world by your skills and achievement – things you have control over, instead of your ascribed factors that you were born into like race, gender, culture and family-class. Meritocracy was coined by Michael Young, a british sociologist, political activist and social critic. He introduced the concept in 1958 in his book The rise of the Meritocracy. The winners of this system believes it is fair! Cons: Ability is highly concentrated by the engine of education * Over time, schools have put their seal of approval on a narrower and narrower range of people – and in an earlier and earlier stage * The top people of the hierarchy believe that their advancement comes from their own merit, and that they deserve whatever they can get. * And those who fail, are relegated to the bottom of the social hierarchy in addition to being less advantaged, the poor now have to deal with th e shame of lacking in merit. People at the economic elite have found ways to cheat their way to the top, using their money to buy their children private tutors to success in schools approval-tests – still fair? Pros: * Gives everyone essentially a fair chance * Gives you credit for your skills and achievement, not by your ascribed factors. * Don’t judge your background * It reward/punish you by something you can control 2. For each of the following five scholars, please describe their contribution to the study of elites: * Laura Nader There is now a lot of literature on the poor, the disadvantages, women, blacks and various racial/ethnic groups. There is very little literature of the top of the class people. Laura Nadel encouraged anthropologists to †study up† in the early 1970s by writing the book â€Å"Up the Anthropologist – Perspectives Gained From Studying Up† in 1969. This was a try to get anthropologists to think more about the study of the colonizes rather than the colonized, the culture of power rather than the culture of powerless. But not many followed her advice, sociologists who do research on elites can be counted on two hands. Nader thinks it’s important to study elites because it is an important contribution to any study of inequality – whether down, sideways, or through (1972). * Gaetano Mosca Elite rule is not a moral question, but a social fact. Most societies are ruled by a small number of individuals – and Mosca called this minority the â€Å"ruling class†. Mosca was the first to make a systematic distinction between elite and masses. He says that in every society, it appears two classes of people: A class that rules and a class that is ruled. The rulers class is small in number, performs all political functions, monopolizes power and enjoys the advantages that power brings. The ruled class, the masses, is directed and controlled by the rulers – in a manner that now is more or less legal, arbitrary and violent. He believes that this class was made distinctive by their superior organizational skills – they were organized. Elites superiority was learned, not inherited. And therefor he suspected it to be more circulation of elites, than reproduction * E. Digby Baltzell Baltzell studied American businessmen of colonial stock. Baltzell believed that the elites ancestors had come to America as poor immigrants and they seized whatever economic opportunities they could. They were the Robber Barons – rising above the rest of the society, living in big mansions, employed servants and socialized in exclusive clubs. They educated their children in private schools, entered the professions and travelled to Europe while steadily setting themselves apart from ordinary Americans. Snobbete mann, men pa rtoss av det kom han med en god kritisk evaluering av eliten – grunnen til at de har holdt seg sa sterke er fordi de incorporate new immigrants into it ranks Baltzell provided a powerfully critical assessment of American society and the elites that ruled it. He believed that the Protestant Establishment was especially powerful, because it incorporated new immigrants and less wealthy people into its ranks: the more a ruling class is able to assimilate the most prominent men of the dominant classes, the more stable and dangerous it becomes(Karl Marx). * Niccolo Machiavelli Was an Italian historian, politician, diplomat, writer and philosopher. He wrote The Prince in 1532, where he is positive to political elite theory. He means that masterful leaders can be enormously cunning, resourceful and influential. Political parties, masses and interest groups are all controllable: a leader who knows how to use his resources wisely can be powerfully independent. In The Prince, he writes that the prince (a leader) should be a strategic man, willing to be ruthless, be powerful – an independent leader. * Pierre Bourdieu Bourdieu examined the way culture, cultural consumption and lifestyles reproduce the privileged positions of the upper class in France, and not only reflect them. He wondered how class structure could be reproduced across generations, when school systems use meritocracy principles to reward people. He found that different classes have different ways of being in the world – he called it Habitus (ways of being). Bourdieu sees Cultural Capital as class-specific cultural codes and practices. The Habitus of the family is passed onto children in the social environment of the home. Children who gets exposed to elite culture at home are advantaged in the school system as teachers reward being conversant in the dominant culture – and that’s how the elite classes gets reproduced. Culture reproduces class positions. People are looking for â€Å"the right culture background† in others, and reward people for this. 3. Some argue that an economic oligarchy is on the rise in America today. What do you think? Use empirical evidence to substantiate your claims. The economic elite are the 0. 1% – 1% of the elites, and today economic elite power is on the rise. The divide between the very wealthy and everyone else is increasing on a worldwide scale, and it has done this since the 1980s. Elites are the engines of inequality, and the balance of power is skewed heavily and increasingly in their favor. This is not the first time in US history that we have worried about a rise of an oligarchy; The Gilded Age (1870s-1890s) marked the speedy rise of a very wealthy and increasingly exclusive economic elite in the US. They were driven by a lust for money, and had wealth in railroads, manufacturing, mining, oil and land. The elites were ruthless, egoistic and cruel. Many scholars now speak of a new gilded age in America. We have again a big lust for wealth, speculation and unethical business behaviors. But there is also some differences; 1. Todays elites are wealthier 2. They are increasingly concentrated in the financial sector 3. They are more diverse and international 4. They are more likely to be self made, not made from inherited fortune Over time, much greater income and wealth went to the top percent of the people. The top get paid better, get a bigger piece of the income-cake. They are also doing better than the rest of us other vice; better health, more optimistic, better chances of sending children to college, better life quality in general. They are opportunity hoarders, of opportunities that gives better life chances. This is also passed on in the family – if father is rich, it is a big chance that the son as well will become rich. The economic elite dominates the government in many ways, to keep the rise of the oligarchy steady: * The special interest process: through financial support and extensive lobbying, they are able to gain government favors, tax breaks and regulatory ruling what protects their interests. * Policy making process: influence public policy makers through media connections etc. Business experts and advisors are appointed to government committees. * Appointments to government: The high-level government appointees are often chosen from the ranks of the business elite. They fund and influence members of the Congress. The economic elites also maintains by reproducing and circulating themselves. They reproduce by having the same cultural background (same elite schools, same world beliefs, hanging out at the same places, listen to the same music etc – and this is learned into the child from the family). They circulate between positions by sitting on the boards of many organizations at the same time (we often se the same person being in top at both an political and economic leadership organization. They circulate horizontally). Robert Michels is positive to elite leadership: Elite rule is inevitable in modern, bureaucratic organizations. Direct democracy is an impossibility, and organizational imperatives makes elite rule inevitable regardless of the ideological orientation of leaders. The masses are necessarily incompetent, and their large size makes organization impossible There need to be leaders. This is the Iron Law of Oligarchy. Elite leadership is a technical requisite of all modern bureaucracies. It would be chaos with only masses and democracy, and no leaders. Veblen argues against elite leadership. He means that all the winners in societies have forced the losers to perform degrading and difficult tasks – that again have been the functionally and more important tasks in society. By contrast, elites seem to define themselves by their leisure and consumption(fritid og forbruk). Mosca: The power elite is a social fact, but also a social problem. It’s a social problem because of it’s circulating and reproducing factors and their similar characters – they think alike, have similar social and cultural backgrounds, similar opinions and points of view. They have made a winner-takes-it-all society that they all benefit from, so they work hard together to make it stay that way. The top elite makes the American Dream fade for the rest 99% of society. The American upper class is different from the European upper class; it is made up from successful businessmen and lawyers. They are also closely connected to each other, by a shared education, common patterns of socialization, social networks and therefor have similar mindsets. Economic Oligarchy on the rise in America today Empirical evidence: the top 1% of the population gets 17% of all the wealth * top athletes win dozens of sponsorship deals, while competitors that finish seconds behind struggle to attract a single deal. * America has become a winner-take-all society; very few winners take a large chunk of the economic pie, leaving the rest with much less to share. * The oligarchy is rising worldwide * Massive expansion of income concentration beginning in the 1980s * Thousands have become unemployed since 2008, while CEOs have continued to receive bonuses and wage increases. Many have lost their retirement savings when the market crashed, while the economic elite continued to enjoy the Bush tax cuts and boosted their life savings. Two arguments for Elite rule: 1. Human nature: * Human beings are inherently different in talents and abilities * Those who have the most of a certain kind of ability constitute some kind of an elite 2. Social organization: * Elites are necessary for a large social organization to function * Elitist tendencies are found in political organizations, trade unions and bureaucratic firms * Complex organizations need trained and experienced leaders. Tell my opinion and experiences! 4. For each of the four concepts below, please describe the concept, identify an author that is associated with it, and describe its significance for the study of elites: * Iron law of oligarchy With Michels in the front this represents the conflict between democracy and oligarchy. He meant that the masses are incompetent and democracy will only lead to chaos in organizations. In that way the oligarchy is inevitable and elites are necessary for an organization to work. Mosca? s opinion is that ruling elites are a social fact, which means that there will always be a ruling class in a society. He characterized them as superior and distinctive. He meant that the ruling elite behavior was learned and not inherited. Therefor it is more circulation than reproduction in the elite class. The ruling class is good to organize comparing to the masses and therefore it will always exist. * Culture of critical discourse Gouldner. The culture of critical discourse (CDD) is characterized by speech that is relatively more situation-free, more context of field â€Å"independent†. is an historically evolved set of rules, a grammar of discourse. The culture of critical speech requires that the validity of claims be justified without reference to the speakers societal position or authority. The new class is the intellectual elite Maten a snakke pa, v? re pa uten a nevne deg selv (v? re objektiv) – den nye eliten er intellektuell elite. 2 nye eliter I dag, intellektuell og teknologisk(beste I sitt felt). Nar man argumenterer for sine mater a se verden pa, gjor man det uten a snakke om sin egen mate a se verden pa – det skulle v? re riktig, faktum, ikke ha noe om hvor man kom fra. Det er det man sier som betyr noe, ikke bakgrunn. Ny mate a se pa verden pa, ikke ekskluderende men vil mingle med resten. Vil holde seg over andre ved eget sprak, men slipper andre inn hvis de jobber hardt nok. * Allegory of the cave Plato. Who could be the just ruler of society? The just ruler has to know the truth, be responsible and willing to make sacrifices that need to be made to be the leader. The story: people in a cave looking at shadows – believing this is the truth and the real world, one is released and get to get out to see the truth. You need to be released from the dominant chain of looking at the world – the masses, and when you are released THEN you can se the truth. True leaders needs to go back and lead the people into the truth. May face death and humiliation. Who are the just leaders? * Graveyard of aristocracies Pareto argues that people are unequal physically, as well as intellectually and morally. In society as a whole, and in any of its particular strata and groupings, some people are more gifted than others. Those who are most capable in any particular grouping are the elite. Meritocracy. Circulation of elites, skills going lost because society and it needs changes. 5. Who governs America? Describe three contrasting positions that we talked about in class. Which of these three do you find most compelling in characterizing the American political elite? Why? Given the existence of economic inequalities, who actually governs in democratic societies? We find three conflicting answers in literature: Pluralist view: Political parties organize the unorganized; they give power to the powerless – elites represent majority will Interest group view: Political parties are nothing more than a collection of interest groups – elites represent group interests Oligarchy argument: Democracy is a mere facade, political elites represent the interests of social and/or economic elites C. Wright Mills believes that it is the Power Elite who rules America. The Power Elite is composed of a big business, leading military officials, and members of the executive branch of government. They make key decisions them between, circulate between positions and share similar cultural/political views. They are interconnected by similar social backgrounds, shared education and their positional interests. By these factors, they manage to rule America by sharing the same opinions in decision-making. Obama – charismatic How to cite Global Elite Notes, Papers

Meg Whitmans Experience at eBay, Inc

Meg Whitman is CEO of eBay, Inc. The particular approaches to developing strategies and her leadership qualities made Whitman one of the most successful CEOs in the market world. Meg Whitman’s leadership depends on the effective combination of methods discussed by Kotter as the ways to create the major change within the company. Whitman contributed to the development of eBay, Inc. with references to using the efficient planning and marketing strategies.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Meg Whitman’s Experience at eBay, Inc specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kotter developed the Eight Step Process for Creating Major Change, and Meg Whitman followed all the steps during her integrating process into the company’s culture. Thus, the focus on changing the environment in relation to using the eight-step model can be discussed as more effective in comparison with the usage of the strategies to pro mote the company’s rapid growth. The strategy can be followed successfully when the guiding coalition is created. Whitman demonstrated her abilities as the effective leader and focused on the slow development of the working team. For example, Meg Whitman used the pattern developed in the company in relation to team-building process previously and improved it basing on the ideas of unity of internal and external community cultures along with encouraging and empowering employees to provide their own opinions and recommendations. Furthermore, Whitman decided to integrate into the company’s culture conducting frequent meetings where the team could solve the issues and interact effectively. To direct the change effort, Whitman proposed the radical vision as the main goal of the company. She stated that it is important to become the world’s largest person-to-person trading company which operates online. From this point, the long-term perspective became focused on the proclaimed vision. To achieve the vision, Whitman developed strategies to work on such issues as the market and brand positioning. That is why, the frequent meetings helped communicate the new vision of the company’s development. Whitman focused on the effective communication between the participants of the team using senior managers as role models to demonstrate the elements of behaviors expected from the other employees. Empowering broad-based action, Whitman changed the structure of the organization. Whitman started to work in the engineering-driven organization. To achieve the significant progress, it was necessary to change the structure of the organization with references to the increasing number of employees. Thus, the organization’s structure was later divided into units or departments.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To generate short-term wins an d achieve visible improvements, Whitman concentrated on developing a strategy for the company’s investment, on defining the marketing strategy, and on preparing eBay Inc. for IPO during the first weeks of working in the company. The further wins of the company were associated with overcoming the controversial issue of selling firearms by eBay Inc. To respond to the community’s expectations, it was necessary to improve the working strategies. The further consolidation of gains and production of more changes was based on supporting the principles of the community’s safety and on developing the partnership relations with many companies, including AOL and Butterfield Butterfield. Thus, the company focused on the ethical principles of selling to contribute to the community’s safety. Furthermore, the company’s promotion was based on the cooperation with AOL and developed advertising strategies. The increase in profits was connected with Butterfield But terfield’s strategy in relation to eBay Inc. Having hired experienced managers and legal councils, Whitman achieved not only short-term goals but also the main vision of the company. This case study on Meg Whitman’s Experience at eBay, Inc was written and submitted by user Wolver-dok to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.